護理師規劃關於高齡者健康飲食的社區研討會。應包含哪些主題？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is planning a community workshop on healthy eating for seniors. Which topics should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- AThe importance of adequate fiber intake.✓ 正解攝取充足纖維的重要性
- BStrategies to increase sodium intake for energy.增加鈉攝取以提升能量的策略
- CEnsuring sufficient hydration throughout the day.✓ 正解確保全天足夠的水分補充
- DIncorporating protein sources to maintain muscle mass.✓ 正解攝取蛋白質來源以維持肌肉質量
- EEliminating all fats from the diet.從飲食中完全排除脂肪
高齡者腸胃蠕動減慢，需足夠纖維（A）預防便秘；隨年齡增長口渴機制減弱，須強調水分補充（C）；肌肉流失（肌少症）是隱憂，需足夠蛋白質（D）。B 錯誤：高齡者多有高血壓，應限鈉而非增加；E 錯誤：優質脂肪（如不飽和脂肪酸）對神經與荷爾蒙健康仍必要，不應全刪。
Older adults experience slowed gastrointestinal motility and need adequate fiber (A) to prevent constipation. As age increases, the thirst mechanism weakens, so hydration should be emphasized (C). Muscle loss (sarcopenia) is a concern, requiring adequate protein (D). Option B is incorrect because older adults often have hypertension, so sodium should be restricted, not increased. Option E is incorrect because healthy fats (such as unsaturated fatty acids) remain essential for neurological and hormonal health and should not be eliminated entirely.
兩地營養學建議皆一致，台灣對老年肌少症的關注度近年大幅提升，衛教內容與美國接軌。