— 健康促進與維護 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師正在評估一位 5 歲兒童的營養狀況。下列哪項發現顯示需要進一步指導健康飲食習慣？
A nurse is assessing a 5-year-old child's nutritional status. Which finding would indicate a need for further teaching about healthy eating habits?
- AThe child eats three meals and two small snacks per day.該兒童每天吃三餐和兩次小點心。
- BThe child consumes 24 ounces of fruit juice per day.✓ 正解該兒童每天攝取 24 盎司果汁。
- CThe child drinks 16 ounces of low-fat milk daily.該兒童每天喝 16 盎司低脂牛奶。
- DThe child helps choose vegetables at the grocery store.該兒童協助在超市挑選蔬菜。
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
兒童期肥胖與齲齒預防是健康促進的重點。果汁雖然含有維生素，但缺乏纖維且含糖量高。對於 4-6 歲兒童，每日果汁攝取量應限制在 4-6 盎司 (120-180 ml) 以內。24 盎司 (約 720 ml) 遠遠超標 (B)，會取代正餐營養並增加熱量攝取。選項 C (牛奶) 在建議量內；選項 A (定時定量) 和 D (參與食物選擇) 都是建立良好飲食行為的正向表現。護理師應建議家長以完整水果取代果汁，並強調白開水是最佳的水分來源。
Consuming 24 ounces of fruit juice daily exceeds the recommended limit for young children and contributes to excessive sugar intake, obesity, and dental caries. This finding indicates a need for further teaching, as parents should be advised to limit juice and encourage whole fruits and water instead.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國學童肥胖問題嚴重，護理師極度關注「含糖飲料」攝取；台灣護理師在健兒門診則常需處理「長輩餵食過度」或「含糖手搖飲」普及對學童體重的影響。