對於一位 55 歲男性病人，下列哪項健康促進活動被視為「次級預防」（Secondary Prevention）措施？
Which health promotion activity is considered a secondary prevention measure for a 55-year-old male client?
- AAttending a smoking cessation class.參加戒菸課程
- BReceiving a shingles vaccine.接種帶狀疱疹疫苗
- CPerforming a fecal occult blood test (FOBT).✓ 正解進行糞便潛血檢查 (FOBT)
- DWearing a helmet while cycling.騎自行車時佩戴安全帽
理解預防的三個層次是 NCLEX-RN 的基本要求。初級預防旨在防止疾病發生（如疫苗、教育、安全設備）；次級預防旨在早期發現已存在但尚未顯現症狀的疾病（如篩檢、健檢）；末級預防旨在減少已知疾病的併發症。選項 C（糞便潛血檢查）是為了早期偵測大腸癌或息肉，屬於典型的次級預防。選項 B（疫苗）、選項 A（戒菸教育）和選項 D（戴安全帽）都旨在預防問題發生，故屬於初級預防。護理師必須能區分這些層次，以便在臨床上正確執行健康促進計畫。
Performing a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is a secondary prevention measure because it aims to detect asymptomatic disease, such as colorectal cancer or polyps, at an early stage. Primary prevention focuses on avoiding disease onset through education or vaccination, while secondary prevention relies on screening to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment.
在美國，次級預防常與年度體檢 (Annual Wellness Visit) 結合。台灣則有非常發達的公費成人健檢系統，護理師應熟悉國健署針對 40-64 歲及 65 歲以上不同的篩檢頻率與項目，積極引導符合資格的病人受檢。