下列哪些護理措施能有效預防針扎傷害？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform to prevent needle-stick injuries? (Select all that apply.)
- ARecap needles immediately after use using two hands使用雙手立即重新套上針蓋
- BDispose of sharps in a designated, puncture-resistant container✓ 正解將利器丟入指定的防穿刺容器
- CEngage the safety mechanism on needles immediately after injection✓ 正解注射後立即啟動針頭的安全機制
- DEnsure the sharps container is not overfilled✓ 正解確保利器容器未裝滿
- EAvoid carrying uncapped needles in pockets✓ 正解避免將未套針蓋的針頭放入口袋
預防針扎傷害（Needle-stick injury）是臨床安全的核心要求，旨在降低暴露於血源性病原體（如 HIV, HBV, HCV）的風險。NCLEX 強調「預防重於治療」，必須嚴格遵守標準防護措施（Standard Precautions）。正確做法包括：使用具備安全機制的針具，並在注射後立即啟動安全裝置；將利器投入專用的耐穿刺容器（Sharps container），且確保容器不過滿以防操作時發生二次傷害。禁止雙手回套針蓋，因為此動作極易導致針尖劃傷手指。
Preventing needlestick injuries is a core requirement of clinical safety, aiming to reduce exposure to bloodborne pathogens (such as HIV, HBV, and HCV). The NCLEX emphasizes prevention over treatment, requiring strict adherence to Standard Precautions. Correct practices include using safety-engineered needle devices and activating the safety mechanism immediately after injection; discarding sharps into puncture-resistant containers designed for this purpose; and ensuring the container is not overfilled, to avoid secondary injury during handling. Two-handed recapping is prohibited because the motion frequently causes the needle to puncture a finger.
美國臨床高度依賴安全針具（Safety-engineered devices），且對於利器容器的更換標準（通常為 3/4 滿）有嚴格的 OSHA 規範，違規可能導致機構罰款。