護理師照護一位免疫力低下的病人，應採取哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client who is immunocompromised. Which precautions are indicated? (Select all that apply.)
- AImplement reverse (protective) isolation✓ 正解實施反向（保護性）隔離
- BRestrict fresh flowers and potted plants in the room✓ 正解限制房間內放置鮮花與盆栽
- CEnsure the client receives only cooked vegetables✓ 正解確保病人僅食用煮熟之蔬菜
- DProhibit visitors with symptoms of illness✓ 正解禁止有病症之訪客探視
- ERequire staff to wear N95 respirators for all care要求員工於所有照護期間佩戴 N95 口罩
免疫力低下（如中性球減少症）的病人，其防禦能力受損，極易遭受環境中的微生物感染。護理目標在於建立環境屏障，降低暴露風險。正確措施包括：採取保護性隔離（Reverse Isolation）以隔絕外界病原體；限制可能攜帶黴菌孢子（如黑麴菌）的鮮花與盆栽；執行低菌飲食（避免生食，僅提供全熟食物）以防腸道感染；嚴格篩檢訪客，禁止任何有感染徵兆者入內。臨床思路應以預防性保護為主，建立無菌屏障。
Immunocompromised clients require protective isolation to shield them from environmental pathogens, including restricting fresh flowers and potted plants which harbor fungal spores. A low-microbial diet consisting of thoroughly cooked foods helps prevent gastrointestinal infections from raw produce. Additionally, prohibiting visitors with signs of illness is critical to minimizing exposure to infectious agents.
美國醫院針對中性球減少症（Neutropenic precautions）的 protocol 非常嚴格，對於飲食限制（如生菜、生肉）的教育非常重視，且常要求病人執行嚴格的口腔衛生護理以防粘膜潰瘍導致全身性敗血症。