— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
病人正在使用萬古黴素（Vancomycin），下列哪些症狀顯示病人出現「紅人症候群」？（選所有適合的）
A client is receiving vancomycin. Which findings should the nurse identify as evidence of 'Red Man Syndrome'? (Select all that apply.)
- AHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- BFlushing of the face and neck✓ 正解面部和頸部潮紅
- CPruritus✓ 正解搔癢
- DWheezing喘鳴
- EGeneralized rash全身性皮疹
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome）是萬古黴素輸注速度過快引起的組胺釋放反應。典型症狀包括頭頸部潮紅、搔癢、低血壓與心跳過速。喘鳴（Wheezing）通常與過敏性休克相關，而非單純的紅人症；全身性紅疹也較少見，多為侷限於上半身。
Red Man Syndrome is a histamine-release reaction caused by rapid vancomycin infusion. Typical symptoms include flushing of the head and neck, pruritus, hypotension, and tachycardia. Wheezing is more often associated with anaphylaxis rather than simple Red Man Syndrome; generalized rash is also uncommon and usually limited to the upper body.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師對萬古黴素給藥速度與反應觀察有嚴格教育；台灣亦然，但常依賴藥師對給藥頻率的設定與建議。