— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位病人被處方使用靜脈抗生素。哪個護理措施對預防抗生素抗藥性發展至關重要？
A client is prescribed an IV antibiotic. Which nursing action is essential to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance?
- AObtain a culture and sensitivity before starting the antibiotic.在開始使用抗生素前取得培養與敏感性試驗檢體
- BAdminister the antibiotic as soon as the order is received.收到處方後立即給予抗生素
- CAdminister the antibiotic only when the client's temperature is elevated.僅當病人體溫升高時給予抗生素
- DEnsure the client completes the full course of antibiotics as prescribed.✓ 正解確保病人完成醫師處方的完整抗生素療程
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
抗生素抗藥性 (Antibiotic resistance) 是全球公共衛生危機。抗生素不當使用（如療程中斷、劑量不足）會讓細菌在未被完全殲滅的情況下，透過基因突變或水平基因轉移產生耐藥機制。護理師的核心責任是確保藥物依從性 (Adherence)。完成完整療程能確保血液中藥物濃度持續高於抑制濃度 (MIC)，徹底清除病原體，從源頭阻斷耐藥菌株的篩選。
Antibiotic resistance is a global public health crisis. Inappropriate antibiotic use (interrupted courses, subtherapeutic doses) allows bacteria to develop resistance via mutation or horizontal gene transfer. The nurse's core responsibility is ensuring adherence. Completing the full course maintains blood drug levels above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), eradicating pathogens and preventing the selection of resistant strains.