病人獲開立靜脈注射氯化鉀 20 mEq。護理師在給藥前必須採取哪項行動？
A client is prescribed intravenous potassium chloride 20 mEq. Which action must the nurse take before administration?
- ADilute the medication in at least 100 mL of fluid✓ 正解將藥物稀釋於至少 100 mL 的液體中
- BVerify the client's most recent creatinine level確認病人最近的肌酸酐值
- CAdminister the dose as an intravenous bolus作為靜脈推注劑量給予
- DEnsure the client has a patent peripheral intravenous line確保病人周邊靜脈輸注管路通暢
鉀離子（Potassium）輸注必須嚴格遵照安全規範。靜脈注射氯化鉀濃度高時對血管壁有強烈刺激性，必須充分稀釋後再輸注，否則會導致靜脈炎或組織壞死。此外，靜脈推注（Bolus）鉀離子會導致高鉀血症，直接抑制心肌傳導，引發致命性心律不整（如心室顫動）。給藥前必須核對醫囑與濃度，這是 NCLEX 的必考安全重點。
Intravenous potassium administration must follow strict safety standards. Concentrated IV potassium chloride is highly irritating to the vessel wall and must be adequately diluted before infusion to avoid phlebitis or tissue necrosis. Furthermore, IV bolus administration of potassium causes hyperkalemia that directly suppresses myocardial conduction and triggers lethal arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation. The order and concentration must be verified before administration; this is a key NCLEX safety point.