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心理社會完整性 · EASY · MCQ

護理師評估一位聽到聲音命令自己傷害自己的病人,護理首要措施為何?

A nurse is assessing a client who hears voices commanding them to hurt themselves. What is the priority nursing action?

  • AEnsure the client's physical safety✓ 正解
    確保病人的身體安全
  • BAdminister an antipsychotic medication
    給予抗精神病藥物
  • CAsk the client to describe the voice
    請病人描述聲音
  • DDiscuss the reality of the voices
    討論聲音的現實性
Explanation · 中文詳解

病人聽到命令自己傷害自己的聲音(command hallucinations),這是精神疾病(如思覺失調症)中一種極度危險的症狀,代表病人可能對自己或他人構成立即的威脅。在此情況下,護理的首要任務是確保病人的安全(ensure the client's physical safety)。這包括持續的觀察、移除周圍的危險物品、必要時的約束(restraint),以及建立一個安全的治療環境。詢問聲音的細節(describe the voice)或討論聲音的真實性(discuss the reality)雖然是後續評估和治療的一部分,但在病人可能立即採取自傷行為的危險下,安全是絕對的優先考量。給予抗精神病藥物(antipsychotic medication)是重要的治療手段,但同樣需要在確保安全的前提下進行,且需醫師醫囑。

The client is experiencing command hallucinations instructing self-harm, which is an extremely dangerous symptom of psychiatric illness (such as schizophrenia) and indicates that the client may pose an immediate threat to self or others. In this situation, the nurse's first priority is to ensure the client's physical safety. This includes continuous observation, removing dangerous objects from the surroundings, applying restraints if necessary, and establishing a safe therapeutic environment. Asking the client to describe the voice or discussing the reality of the voices is part of subsequent assessment and treatment, but when there is a risk of immediate self-harm, safety is the absolute priority. Administering an antipsychotic medication is an important part of treatment, but it must still be done under the prerequisite of safety and requires a physician's order.

✦ 台美臨床差異

在處理有自傷風險的病人時,確保病人安全是美國與台灣護理的首要原則,這點毫無差異。然而,在執行層面,美國的醫療體系可能更強調「危機介入」(crisis intervention)的標準化流程,包括對約束(restraint)使用的嚴格規定與監管,以及對「安全計畫」(safety plan)的制定。台灣的臨床實務也同樣重視安全,但約束的使用可能在某些醫院有較為嚴格的限制,或更依賴醫師的直接判斷。此外,美國對於護理師在評估病人風險後,主動執行安全措施(如移除危險物品)的權限可能更大。

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