— 基本照護與舒適 · HARD · SATA —
護理師照顧一位末期病人，哪些針對舒適的護理措施是優先的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with terminal illness. Which comfort-focused interventions are priority? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdminister pain medication around the clock✓ 正解定時給予止痛藥物
- BLimit family visitors to reduce stimulation限制家屬探視以減少刺激
- CProvide frequent mouth care✓ 正解提供頻繁的口部護理
- DPerform passive range-of-motion exercises every 2 hours每 2 小時執行被動關節活動運動
- EUtilize pillows for proper body alignment✓ 正解使用枕頭以保持正確的身體姿勢
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
臨終護理強調舒適減緩症狀。全天候止痛藥可避免疼痛反彈；口腔黏膜保濕對張口呼吸的病人極重要；擺位支撐能減輕肌肉壓力。限制訪客非絕對（應尊重病人意願），且末期病人通常不建議頻繁執行關節活動以免造成額外疼痛。
End-of-life nursing emphasizes comfort and symptom relief. Around-the-clock analgesia prevents rebound pain; oral mucosal hydration is critical for clients who are mouth-breathing; and supportive positioning relieves musculoskeletal strain. Limiting visitors is not absolute (the client's wishes should be respected), and frequent range-of-motion exercises are generally not recommended for terminally ill clients because they may cause additional pain.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國安寧護理非常重視家屬共同參與照護，台灣則常見由家屬高度依賴護理人員進行照護。