— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · EASY · SATA —
一位高血壓病人開始服用 Lisinopril，護理師應指導病人立即報告哪些副作用？（選所有適合的）
A client with hypertension is started on lisinopril. Which side effects should the nurse educate the client to report immediately? (Select all that apply.)
- APersistent dry cough✓ 正解持續性乾咳
- BSwelling of the lips and tongue✓ 正解嘴唇和舌頭腫脹
- CMild headache輕微頭痛
- DDizziness upon standing站立時頭暈
- EFever and sore throat✓ 正解發燒和喉嚨痛
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
ACE 抑制劑常見副作用包括持久乾咳（Bradykinin 堆積），血管水腫（嘴唇舌頭腫脹，危及氣管需緊急處理），以及罕見但嚴重的嗜中性白血球減少（發燒喉嚨痛）。頭痛（C）和姿勢性低血壓（D）屬常見適應現象，非必須立即停止的嚴重警訊。
Common side effects of ACE inhibitors include persistent dry cough (caused by bradykinin accumulation), angioedema (swelling of the lips and tongue, which can compromise the airway and requires emergency intervention), and the rare but serious neutropenia (fever and sore throat). Headache (C) and orthostatic hypotension (D) are common adaptive effects and are not warning signs requiring immediate discontinuation.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美對於 ACEI 引發的血管水腫皆列為衛教重點，美國藥師通常也會積極參與用藥諮詢。