— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師準備為病人靜脈注射萬古黴素（Vancomycin）。為了預防常見的藥物不良反應，下列哪項措施最重要？
A nurse is preparing to administer IV vancomycin to a client. Which action is essential to prevent a common adverse reaction associated with this medication?
- AAdminister the infusion slowly over at least 60 minutes✓ 正解至少以60分鐘緩慢輸注
- BMonitor the client's blood glucose levels during infusion在輸注期間監測病人的血糖水平
- CCheck the client's potassium level before infusion在輸注前檢查病人的鉀離子水平
- DFlush the line with dextrose 5% in water before administration在給藥前用5%葡萄糖溶液沖洗管路
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
萬古黴素輸注速度過快會導致「紅人症候群」（Red Man Syndrome），表現為臉部、頸部及上半身潮紅、低血壓與搔癢。預防方式是確保輸注時間至少 60 分鐘以上，甚至更長，以避免釋放大量組織胺造成的過敏樣反應。其他選項與該藥物常見副作用關聯性較低。
Administering vancomycin slowly over at least 60 minutes prevents Red Man Syndrome, a histamine-mediated reaction characterized by flushing and hypotension. Rapid infusion triggers excessive histamine release, making slow administration the essential preventive measure.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台臨床皆視預防紅人症候群為基本安全規範，但台灣對於輸注時間的管控常設有電子輸注幫浦鎖定。