— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位病人正在接受新的靜脈抗生素。哪個評估發現最能指示可能的過敏反應？
A client is receiving a new IV antibiotic. Which assessment finding is most indicative of a possible hypersensitivity reaction?
- ATemporary decrease in blood pressure暫時性血壓下降
- BItching and hives✓ 正解搔癢和蕁麻疹
- CMild nausea輕微噁心
- DSlight increase in heart rate心率輕微增加
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
藥物過敏反應 (Hypersensitivity reaction) 涉及免疫系統異常活化。抗生素（特別是青黴素或頭孢菌素類）容易引發 I 型超敏反應，表現為肥大細胞釋放組織胺 (Histamine)，導致皮膚血管擴張與滲透性增加。搔癢 (Itching) 與蕁麻疹 (Hives) 是臨床上最常見且典型的早期過敏指標，出現時應立即停止給藥並通知醫師，以防演變為過敏性休克 (Anaphylaxis)。
Itching and hives are classic early signs of a Type I hypersensitivity reaction caused by histamine release from mast cells. While other symptoms like mild nausea or slight tachycardia may occur, cutaneous manifestations are the most specific indicators of an allergic response to antibiotics. Immediate cessation of the infusion and provider notification are required to prevent progression to anaphylaxis.