護理師準備大手術病人的術前檢查。哪些是術前清單的必要組成部分？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing a client for a major surgical procedure. Which of the following are essential components of the pre-operative checklist? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerified informed consent is signed✓ 正解已驗證的知情同意書已簽署
- BClient has voided prior to premedication✓ 正解個案在給予術前藥物前已排尿
- CComplete set of recent vital signs✓ 正解完整的近期生命徵象紀錄
- DRemoval of jewelry and nail polish✓ 正解移除首飾與指甲油
- EConfirm the client has eaten a small meal for energy確認個案已進食少量餐點以獲取能量
術前準備是確保手術安全和病人福祉的關鍵步驟。護理師需遵循標準化的術前清單 (pre-operative checklist)，以確保所有必要的評估、衛教和準備工作都已完成。這不僅是醫療品質的保證，也是法律和倫理的要求，旨在降低手術風險，提升病人的安全。 術前清單的必要組成部分包括：確認知情同意書已簽署，這是病人自主權的體現；確保病人在術前給藥前已排空膀胱，以避免術中或術後不適和膀胱損傷；測量並記錄一套完整的最新生命徵象，以建立術前基準；以及移除所有首飾和指甲油，以預防電燒傷、物品遺失或干擾生理監測。這些措施共同構成了術前護理的基石，符合「降低風險潛能」和「安全」的護理原則。 錯誤的選項則會增加手術風險，必須避免。
Preoperative preparation is critical for surgical safety and patient well-being. The nurse follows a standardized preoperative checklist to ensure all required assessments, education, and preparation steps are complete. This serves quality, legal, and ethical purposes by reducing surgical risk. Essential items include verified informed consent, voiding before premedication, a complete set of recent vital signs, and removal of jewelry and nail polish. The incorrect option would increase risk and must be avoided.