— 安全與感染控制 · HARD · SATA —
下列哪些病人需要護理師執行空氣防護措施？（選所有適合的）
Which clients require the nurse to implement airborne precautions? (Select all that apply.)
- AClient with active Tuberculosis✓ 正解活動性肺結核病患
- BClient with Measles✓ 正解麻疹病患
- CClient with Varicella (Chickenpox)✓ 正解水痘（Chickenpox）病患
- DClient with Influenza流行性感冒病患
- EClient with Bacterial Meningitis細菌性腦膜炎病患
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
空氣傳播防護（Airborne Precautions）適用於微小飛沫核可懸浮於空氣者，包含肺結核、麻疹及水痘（MTV）。流感為飛沫傳播，細菌性腦膜炎則視病原體而定（通常為飛沫）。正確辨識傳染途徑是院內感染控制核心。
Airborne precautions apply to pathogens transmitted via small droplet nuclei that can remain suspended in the air, including tuberculosis, measles, and varicella (MTV). Influenza is droplet-transmitted, and bacterial meningitis depends on the pathogen (usually droplet). Correctly identifying the route of transmission is central to nosocomial infection control.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對 MTV 的空氣隔離指引高度一致，但負壓病房在台灣因健保額度限制較為珍貴。