護理師正在照顧一位急性胰臟炎病人。該病人正經歷劇烈疼痛且禁食（NPO）。下列哪項措施是預防進一步併發症的優先考量？
A nurse is caring for a client with acute pancreatitis. The client is experiencing severe pain and is NPO. Which intervention is a priority to prevent further complications?
- AAdminister intravenous fluids✓ 正解給予靜脈輸液
- BMonitor blood glucose levels closely密切監測血糖值
- CEncourage frequent coughing and deep breathing鼓勵頻繁咳嗽與深呼吸
- DAdminister prescribed opioid analgesics給予處方鴉片類鎮痛劑
急性胰臟炎（acute pancreatitis）的核心病理在於胰臟酵素過早活化導致自我消化。禁食（NPO）是為了抑制胰臟分泌，減少刺激。然而，此病症常伴隨嚴重的全身性發炎反應（SIRS），導致血管通透性增加及第三空間（third-spacing）體液流失，極易引發低血容性休克。靜脈輸液（IV fluids）是恢復循環血量、維持器官灌流及預防腎衰竭的首要措施，屬於 ABC（Airway, Breathing, Circulation）原則中的循環層面，優先級最高。
The core pathology of acute pancreatitis is premature activation of pancreatic enzymes, leading to autodigestion. NPO status is intended to suppress pancreatic secretion and reduce stimulation. However, this condition is often accompanied by severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), resulting in increased vascular permeability and third-spacing of fluid, which can easily precipitate hypovolemic shock. IV fluids are the first-line intervention for restoring circulating volume, maintaining organ perfusion, and preventing renal failure; they fall under the circulation component of the ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) principle and carry the highest priority.
美國臨床對於急性胰臟炎的液體復甦極為積極，通常採用等張晶體溶液（如 Lactated Ringer's）進行大規模輸液，並嚴格監測尿量（UOP）以評估復甦效果，此點與台灣臨床處理原則一致。