— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照護一位髖關節置換術後的病人，哪些護理措施對預防深部靜脈栓塞（DVT）至關重要？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following a total hip arthroplasty. Which intervention is essential to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT)? (Select all that apply.)
- AEncouraging early and frequent ambulation as prescribed✓ 正解鼓勵遵照指示早期且頻繁地步行
- BApplying sequential compression devices (SCDs) when in bed✓ 正解卧床時使用間歇性氣壓加壓裝置 (SCDs)
- CMaintaining the client in a side-lying position for long periods讓病人長時間維持側臥姿勢
- DAdministering prophylactic anticoagulants as ordered✓ 正解遵照醫囑給予預防性抗凝血劑
- EInstructing the client to perform ankle pumps while awake✓ 正解指示病人在清醒時執行足踝屈伸運動
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
DVT 預防的核心在於促進靜脈回流與降低血液鬱積。早期下床、SCDs 與足踝運動均能增進循環；抗凝血劑則從生理化學層面抑制血栓形成。側臥可能導致壓迫或循環阻礙，且術後需注意脫位風險，非預防 DVT 的策略。
Preventing deep vein thrombosis requires interventions that promote venous return and reduce stasis, such as early ambulation, sequential compression devices, and ankle pump exercises. Prophylactic anticoagulants are also essential for high-risk orthopedic patients, whereas prolonged immobility increases thrombus risk.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美籍病人術後離床速度極快，甚至當日即下床；台灣臨床在骨科術後因擔心傷口與疼痛，相對較為保守。