— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師準備靜脈輸注氯化鉀。下列哪項預防措施對於病人安全至關重要？
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride intravenously. Which precaution is essential for client safety?
- AVerify that the client has a high urine output before administering給藥前確認病人有高尿量
- BEnsure the medication is diluted and administered via infusion pump✓ 正解確保藥物已稀釋並透過輸注幫浦給藥
- CAdminister the medication via IV push to ensure rapid effect經由靜脈推注給藥以確保快速療效
- DUse a peripheral vein to minimize the risk of central line infection使用周邊靜脈以最小化中心靜脈導管感染的風險
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
靜脈輸注氯化鉀（Potassium Chloride, KCl）屬於高警訊藥物（High-Alert Medication）。高濃度的鉀離子會造成嚴重的靜脈炎、組織壞死，甚至引發致命性的心律不整（如心室顫動）。因此，臨床上必須透過靜脈輸注幫浦（Infusion Pump）精確控制流速，且必須充分稀釋，絕不可直接靜脈推注（IV Push）。
Intravenous potassium chloride is a high-alert medication that must be diluted and administered via an infusion pump to prevent severe complications. Rapid administration or IV push can cause fatal arrhythmias, while undiluted solutions can lead to tissue necrosis and phlebitis, making precise control of the infusion rate essential for client safety.
✦ 台美臨床差異
在美國臨床，KCl 靜脈輸注濃度通常限制為 10 mEq/100 mL，且嚴格規定必須使用輸注幫浦。若需給予高濃度 KCl，通常必須經由中心靜脈導管給藥，以防血管外滲導致組織壞死。