護理師正在照顧一位有花生過敏史的病人。該病人即將出院。護理師應指導病人隨時攜帶下列哪項物品？
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of anaphylaxis to peanuts. The client is being discharged. Which item should the nurse instruct the client to carry with them at all times?
- AA list of all medications所有藥物清單
- BA medical alert bracelet醫療警示手環
- CAn EpiPen (epinephrine auto-injector)✓ 正解EpiPen（腎上腺素自動注射器）
- DA copy of their medical history病歷副本
對於有嚴重過敏史（如花生過敏）的病人，隨時攜帶腎上腺素自動注射器（Epinephrine auto-injector，常見品牌為 EpiPen）是預防過敏性休克（Anaphylaxis）致命風險的關鍵。過敏性休克會導致呼吸道水腫及循環衰竭，必須在症狀出現後立即注射腎上腺素，以逆轉支氣管收縮與血管擴張。
For clients with severe allergy history (e.g., peanut allergy), carrying an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) at all times is critical to preventing fatal anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis causes airway edema and circulatory collapse; epinephrine must be injected immediately upon symptom onset to reverse bronchoconstriction and vasodilation.
在美國，這類病人出院衛教極度強調「自我管理（Self-management）」，護理師會要求病人練習使用訓練筆（Trainer pen），並確保其隨身攜帶。台灣臨床雖亦重視，但美國更強調病人需隨身攜帶兩支 EpiPen（以備第一支失效或需要第二次注射）。