病人獲開立滑動比例胰島素用於血糖管理。下列哪些護理措施是適當的？（選所有適合的）
A client is prescribed sliding scale insulin for blood glucose management. Which nursing actions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
- ACheck the blood glucose level immediately before insulin administration✓ 正解在給予胰島素前立即檢查血糖
- BConfirm the insulin dosage with another nurse if required by hospital policy✓ 正解若醫院政策要求，請另一位護理師確認胰島素劑量
- CAdminister the insulin only when the patient shows symptoms of hyperglycemia僅當病人出現高血糖症狀時才給予胰島素
- DDocument the blood glucose value and the insulin units administered✓ 正解記錄血糖值和給予的胰島素單位數
- EEnsure the patient has food available, as insulin can cause hypoglycemia✓ 正解確保病人有食物可用，因為胰島素可能引起低血糖
核心概念：滑動比例胰島素（Sliding Scale Insulin）的給藥原則。 為何正確答案對： A. 在給予任何劑量的胰島素之前，必須先檢測病人的即時血糖值（Check the blood glucose level immediately before insulin administration）。滑動比例胰島素的劑量是根據當前血糖值來決定，若未檢測血糖，則無法確定正確劑量，可能導致給藥錯誤。 B. 根據醫院政策，對於胰島素這類高風險藥物，由另一位護理師進行雙重確認（Confirm the insulin dosage with another nurse if required by hospital policy）是常見且重要的安全措施，可預防給藥錯誤。 D. 記錄血糖值和注射的胰島素劑量（Document the blood glucose value and the insulin units administered）是護理記錄的標準要求，這能提供病人血糖變化的軌跡，評估治療效果，並作為日後處置的依據。 E. 胰島素可能引起低血糖（Hypoglycemia），因此確保病人有食物可攝取（Ensure the patient has food available）是預防低血糖併發症的重要措施，特別是在給予速效胰島素或病人飲食攝取不確定時。 為何其他選項錯： C. 滑動比例胰島素是依據血糖值給藥，而非等到病人出現高血糖症狀才給藥。等到出現症狀時，血糖可能已非常高，且錯失了最佳的藥物干預時機。
Sliding scale insulin is dosed based on the current blood glucose. (A) Checking blood glucose immediately before administration is required to determine the correct dose. (B) Insulin is a high-alert medication, so an independent double-check by another nurse per policy is a standard safety practice. (D) Documenting both the glucose value and units administered is required for accurate care continuity. (E) Insulin can cause hypoglycemia, so ensuring food is available is essential when giving rapid-acting insulin or when intake is uncertain. (C) is wrong because sliding scale dosing is based on glucose values, not on waiting for hyperglycemic symptoms, which would represent missed intervention opportunity.