規律翻身與更換姿勢對長期臥床病人有哪些益處？（選所有適合的）

對於長期臥床（immobile）的病人，身體活動受限，容易產生一系列併發症。規律的翻身（turning）與更換姿勢（positioning）是重要的護理措施，能有效預防這些問題，促進病人康復。 正確選項分析： A. 預防壓力性損傷（Prevention of pressure injuries）：透過定時翻身，將身體壓力從受壓部位轉移到其他部位，能改善血液循環，避免組織因長期缺氧而壞死，形成壓瘡。 B. 改善呼吸功能（Improved respiratory function）：臥床病人肺部擴張可能受限，容易導致肺部塌陷（atelectasis）和分泌物堆積。變換姿勢能促進肺部擴張，協助清除支氣管分泌物，改善氣體交換。 C. 降低關節攣縮風險（Reduced risk of joint contractures）：關節長時間處於同一姿勢，可能導致關節囊和韌帶纖維化，引起關節攣縮（contractures），限制活動功能。規律變換姿勢有助於維持關節的活動範圍（range of motion）。 E. 提升舒適感（Promotion of comfort）：長久維持同一姿勢會導致肌肉痠痛、血液循環不良，引起不適。定時翻身與調整姿勢能緩解這些不適，提升病人的舒適度。 錯誤選項分析： D. 促進藥物代謝（Increased metabolism of medications）：藥物代謝主要受肝臟功能、藥物種類、病人年齡、疾病狀態等因素影響。規律翻身與姿勢調整對藥物代謝沒有直接的、顯著的影響。 臨床思路：ABC 原則中的 A（Airway）對應到呼吸功能改善，B（Body alignment/positioning）直接與翻身和姿勢調整相關，C（Circulation）對應到預防壓瘡。護理師應依據病人情況，制定個別化的翻身計畫（例如每 2 小時一次），並記錄。

For long-term immobile clients, restricted physical activity easily leads to a series of complications. Regular turning and positioning are essential nursing interventions that effectively prevent these problems and promote recovery. Analysis of correct options: A. Prevention of pressure injuries: by repositioning at regular intervals, pressure is redistributed from compressed areas to others, improving circulation and preventing the tissue ischemia and necrosis that lead to pressure ulcers. B. Improved respiratory function: bedridden clients may have limited lung expansion, predisposing them to atelectasis and secretion accumulation. Position changes promote lung expansion, help mobilize bronchial secretions, and improve gas exchange. C. Reduced risk of joint contractures: prolonged immobilization in one position can cause fibrosis of the joint capsule and ligaments, leading to contractures and restricted function. Regular position changes help maintain range of motion. E. Promotion of comfort: maintaining one position for extended periods causes muscle aches and poor circulation, leading to discomfort. Regular turning and repositioning relieve this discomfort and improve patient comfort. Analysis of incorrect option: D. Increased metabolism of medications: drug metabolism is influenced primarily by liver function, drug type, age, and disease status. Regular turning and positioning have no direct, significant effect on drug metabolism. Clinical reasoning: Within the ABC framework, A (airway) corresponds to improved respiratory function, B (body alignment/positioning) directly relates to turning and positioning, and C (circulation) corresponds to pressure injury prevention. The nurse should develop and document an individualized turning schedule (e.g., every 2 hours) based on the client's condition.