護理師指導病人服用碳酸鋰（Lithium）。應包含哪些重點？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about lithium carbonate therapy. Which points should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain adequate fluid and sodium intake✓ 正解維持充足的水分和鈉攝取
- BAvoid caffeine and alcohol避免攝取咖啡因和酒精
- CReport hand tremors or diarrhea immediately✓ 正解立即報告手震或腹瀉
- DTake the medication on an empty stomach空腹服用藥物
- ERegular blood tests are required to monitor levels✓ 正解需要定期抽血以監測藥物濃度
碳酸鋰（Lithium carbonate）的治療範圍狹窄，中毒風險高，需定期監測血中濃度（E）。鋰鹽代謝與鈉離子密切相關，水分與鈉離子的攝取必須穩定（A），否則低鈉會導致腎臟重新吸收鋰，引發中毒。手抖、腹瀉、噁心（C）為早期鋰中毒徵兆，需立即回報。鋰鹽建議隨餐服用減少腸胃不適（D 錯誤），且必須規律服用，不可隨意停藥或加藥。
Lithium carbonate has a narrow therapeutic range and a high risk of toxicity, so serum levels must be monitored regularly (E). Lithium metabolism is closely linked to sodium, so water and sodium intake must remain stable (A); otherwise, hyponatremia causes the kidneys to reabsorb more lithium and precipitate toxicity. Tremor, diarrhea, and nausea (C) are early signs of lithium toxicity and must be reported immediately. Taking lithium with meals is recommended to reduce gastrointestinal discomfort (so D is incorrect), and the medication must be taken regularly; the patient may not stop or change the dose on their own.