— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位第一型糖尿病病患出現低血糖發作，下列何者為最合適的初始行動？
A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who is experiencing a hypoglycemic episode. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial action?
- AAdminister 15g of rapid-acting carbohydrates✓ 正解給予 15g 快速作用的碳水化合物
- BInject 1mg of glucagon subcutaneously皮下注射 1mg 升糖素
- CAdminister 50% dextrose intravenously靜脈注射 50% 葡萄糖
- DWait 15 minutes to recheck blood glucose等待 15 分鐘後重新測量血糖
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血糖（Hypoglycemia）是糖尿病病人的緊急狀況。對於意識清醒且具吞嚥能力的病人，首要原則是快速補充簡單碳水化合物（15g）。這能迅速提升血糖值。臨床思路應遵循 15/15 法則：攝取 15 克碳水化合物，等待 15 分鐘後重新測量血糖，若仍低於 70 mg/dL 則重複操作。此為最安全、最直接的初始介入。
For a conscious client with hypoglycemia, the priority intervention is to administer 15 grams of rapid-acting carbohydrates to quickly raise blood glucose levels. This follows the "15/15 rule," where blood sugar is rechecked after 15 minutes, making oral glucose the safest and most direct initial treatment.