— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
下列哪項護理措施對於預防術後肺炎最有效？
Which of the following nursing interventions is most effective in preventing post-operative pneumonia?
- AAdministering prophylactic antibiotics給予預防性抗生素
- BEncouraging early ambulation鼓勵早期下床活動
- CTurning, coughing, and deep breathing✓ 正解翻身、咳嗽與深呼吸
- DMaintaining adequate hydration維持充足的水分攝取
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
術後肺炎的主要成因是肺擴張不全（Atelectasis）導致分泌物滯留。深呼吸與咳嗽運動（TCDB）及使用誘發性肺量計（Incentive spirometry）能最直接有效地擴張肺泡並移除分泌物，是預防術後肺炎的黃金標準。
Post-operative pneumonia is primarily caused by atelectasis due to shallow breathing and retained secretions. Turning, coughing, and deep breathing (TCDB) exercises are the most effective interventions because they directly promote alveolar expansion and mobilize secretions. While hydration and ambulation are beneficial, TCDB provides the most direct mechanism for preventing pulmonary complications.
✦ 台美臨床差異
在美國，鼓勵使用誘發性肺量計是護理師的強制性工作；台灣臨床雖也重視，但病人的依從性與護理指導強度略有不同。