— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
護理師在給予靜脈鉀離子補充（Potassium Chloride）時，應執行哪些護理措施？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions should a nurse perform when administering potassium chloride IV? (Select all that apply.)
- AEnsure the concentration is no greater than 10 mEq/100 mL✓ 正解確保濃度不超過 10 mEq/100 mL
- BMonitor the infusion site for phlebitis✓ 正解監測輸注部位是否有靜脈炎
- CAdminister as an IV bolus push作為靜脈推注給藥
- DAssess urine output before administration✓ 正解給藥前評估尿量
- EUse an infusion pump for all potassium infusions✓ 正解所有鉀離子輸注均使用輸注幫浦
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鉀離子具有強烈刺激性，必須稀釋（濃度限制），且務必使用幫浦精準控制流速。嚴禁靜脈直接推注（Bolus），這會導致心律不整甚至心跳停止。給鉀前需確認腎功能（尿量），確保鉀離子可經腎臟排出，避免高血鉀危險。
Potassium is highly irritating; it must be diluted (concentration is limited) and given through a pump for precise rate control. A direct IV bolus is strictly prohibited, as it can cause dysrhythmias or cardiac arrest. Before administering potassium, renal function (urine output) must be confirmed to ensure that potassium can be excreted by the kidneys and that hyperkalemia is avoided.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理指引對鉀離子濃度上限管理非常嚴格，台灣臨床則常依藥廠與醫院規範調整濃度。