— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位 55 歲女性有乳癌家族史，下列哪項篩檢指引最適合她？
A 55-year-old female client has a family history of breast cancer. Which screening guideline is appropriate for her?
- AClinical breast exams are recommended every 5 years.建議每 5 年進行一次臨床乳房檢查
- BGenetic testing is required for all women with a family history.所有有乳癌家族史的女性都需進行基因檢測
- CYearly breast self-examination is the most effective screening tool.每年的乳房自我檢查是最有效的篩檢工具
- DMammograms are typically recommended annually or biennially.✓ 正解通常建議每年或每兩年進行一次乳房攝影檢查
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
乳房攝影（Mammogram）是目前實證最有效的乳癌篩檢工具。C 錯誤：乳房自檢雖建議，但非取代攝影的最有效篩檢；A 錯誤：臨床檢查頻率通常依年齡與風險調整；B 錯誤：並非所有家族史個案都需進行基因檢測，需評估親屬罹病程度。
Mammography is currently the most evidence-based and effective screening tool for breast cancer. C is incorrect: although breast self-examination is recommended, it does not replace mammography as the most effective screening method. A is incorrect: clinical breast exam frequency is typically adjusted according to age and risk. B is incorrect: not every individual with a family history requires genetic testing; the degree of affected relatives must be evaluated.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國提倡乳房攝影篩檢；台灣提供 45-69 歲女性每兩年一次免費乳房攝影，衛教強調早期診斷。