— 健康促進與維護 · EASY · MCQ —
一位 25 歲女性詢問產前維生素。為了預防神經管缺陷，孕前應開始補充哪種營養素最重要？
A 25-year-old female client asks about prenatal vitamins. Which nutrient is most important to start before conception to prevent neural tube defects?
- AVitamin C維生素 C
- BFolic acid✓ 正解葉酸
- CCalcium鈣
- DIron鐵
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
神經管缺陷（Neural tube defects, NTDs）如脊柱裂（Spina bifida）發生在胚胎發育的極早期（受孕後 28 天內），此時許多女性尚不知自己懷孕。葉酸（Folic acid）能有效降低其發生率。臨床衛教應強調在計畫懷孕前即開始補充，而非等到懷孕才補充，這是預防出生缺陷的關鍵策略。
Neural tube defects (NTDs) such as spina bifida occur very early in embryonic development (within 28 days of conception), when many women do not yet know they are pregnant. Folic acid effectively reduces NTD incidence. Teaching should emphasize starting supplementation before planned conception, not waiting until pregnancy is confirmed—this is the key preventive strategy for birth defects.