— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位 60 歲個案尋求健康維持。下列何者為呼吸系統的正常老化變化？
A 60-year-old client is seeking health maintenance. Which of the following is a normal aging change in the respiratory system?
- ADecreased lung elasticity✓ 正解肺彈性減退
- BIncreased chest wall compliance胸壁順應性增加
- CIncreased ciliary activity纖毛活動增加
- DIncreased vital capacity肺活量增加
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
隨著老化，肺部彈性纖維減少，導致肺彈性下降（A），造成殘餘容積增加。D 錯誤：肺活量（Vital capacity）隨年齡下降；C 錯誤：纖毛功能變差，清除痰液能力變弱；B 錯誤：胸廓彈性隨鈣化而變差，順應性（compliance）降低。
With aging, elastic fibers in the lungs decrease and lung elasticity declines (A), increasing residual volume. D is wrong: vital capacity decreases with age. C is wrong: ciliary activity declines, reducing mucus clearance. B is wrong: chest wall calcification reduces compliance.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩國對老年呼吸系統的老化機轉描述一致，均強調防範呼吸道感染之重要性。