— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
患者診斷為低血鉀，護理師在身體評估中應預期出現何種表現？
A client is diagnosed with hypokalemia. Which manifestation should the nurse anticipate during the physical assessment?
- AHyperactive bowel sounds腸鳴音亢進
- BMuscle weakness✓ 正解肌肉無力
- CTall, peaked T waves高大尖銳的T波
- DShortened QT intervalQT間期縮短
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血鉀（Hypokalemia）會導致神經肌肉功能下降，造成肌肉無力（Muscle weakness）、反射減弱（Hyporeflexia）。嚴重時會影響心肌電生理，導致心電圖變化，例如 T 波平坦或倒置、U 波出現、ST 段壓低及 QT 間期延長。腸道肌肉也會因鉀離子不足而收縮減弱，導致腸鳴音減弱（而非亢進）。
Hypokalemia decreases neuromuscular function, causing muscle weakness and hyporeflexia. In severe cases it affects myocardial electrophysiology, producing ECG changes such as flattened or inverted T waves, U waves, ST-segment depression, and prolonged QT interval. Intestinal smooth muscle contraction is also weakened by potassium deficiency, resulting in diminished (not hyperactive) bowel sounds.