— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
一位心衰竭病史的病人，下列哪些發現顯示有液體容積過多？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of heart failure. Which findings indicate fluid volume overload? (Select all that apply.)
- ABounding pulse✓ 正解強而有力的脈搏
- BCrackles upon lung auscultation✓ 正解聽診肺部時出現囉音
- CFlattened neck veins頸靜脈塌陷
- DDyspnea on exertion✓ 正解活動時呼吸困難
- EPeripheral edema✓ 正解周邊水腫
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
液體容積過多（Fluid Volume Overload）在心衰竭病人中常見，表現為循環鬱血。常見徵象包括強脈搏（Bounding pulse）、肺部囉音（Crackles）、活動性呼吸困難（Dyspnea on exertion）及周邊水腫。頸靜脈怒張（JVD）才是容積過多的表現，塌陷則是脫水徵象。
Fluid volume overload in heart failure manifests as increased circulatory volume, leading to bounding pulses, peripheral edema, and dyspnea on exertion due to reduced lung compliance. Lung crackles also occur from fluid accumulation in the alveoli, whereas flattened neck veins would indicate dehydration rather than overload.