— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
對於長期臥床的病患，下列哪項措施最能有效預防肺炎？
Which intervention is most effective in preventing pneumonia for an immobile client?
- ALimiting oral fluid intake限制口服液體攝取
- BAdministering routine antibiotics常規給予抗生素
- CEncouraging incentive spirometry✓ 正解鼓勵使用誘發性肺量計
- DTurning the client every 2 hours每 2 小時為個案翻身
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鼓勵使用誘發性肺量計 (Incentive spirometry) 是預防術後或長期臥床病患發生肺不張與肺炎的關鍵措施，能鼓勵深呼吸與肺擴張。D 雖然重要（預防壓瘡），但對預防肺炎的效果不如肺量計。B 錯誤，抗生素非預防措施。A 錯誤，充足水分有助痰液稀釋與排出。
Encouraging incentive spirometry is the most effective intervention for preventing pneumonia in immobile clients because it promotes deep breathing, lung expansion, and secretion clearance. While turning the client prevents pressure ulcers and fluids thin secretions, incentive spirometry directly targets pulmonary hygiene to prevent atelectasis and infection.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院極度強調鼓勵式呼吸練習，護理師衛教落實度高，台灣醫院目前也積極推行。