— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位急性胰臟炎病人表現出嚴重的上腹痛並放射至背部。護理師應最密切監測哪項血清實驗室數值？
A client with acute pancreatitis presents with severe epigastric pain radiating to the back. Which serum laboratory value should the nurse monitor most closely?
- APotassium鉀
- BCalcium✓ 正解鈣
- CAmylase澱粉酶
- DGlucose葡萄糖
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性胰臟炎中，胰臟酵素釋放會與周圍脂肪組織結合，導致鈣離子皂化，引發低血鈣。低血鈣會增加神經肌肉興奮性，導致 Trousseau 或 Chvostek 徵象，嚴重時會引起心律不整或喉頭痙攣，是致命的電解質失衡。
In acute pancreatitis, released pancreatic enzymes combine with surrounding adipose tissue, causing saponification of calcium and resulting in hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, producing Trousseau's or Chvostek's signs and in severe cases causing arrhythmias or laryngospasm, making it a life-threatening electrolyte imbalance.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常依據病房 protocol 進行靜脈補鈣，台灣則需明確醫囑且通常由醫師決定補鈣時機。