— 照護管理 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
對一位長期不動的病人，哪項措施可預防肺栓塞（PE）？
Which of the following interventions is appropriate to prevent pulmonary embolism in an immobile patient?
- AElevating the legs above the heart level only僅將腿部抬高至心臟水平以上
- BMassaging the legs to improve circulation按摩腿部以改善循環
- CKeeping the patient in a high-Fowler's position讓病人保持高半坐臥姿
- DEncouraging early ambulation✓ 正解鼓勵早期下床活動
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
肺栓塞（PE）常源自於深層靜脈栓塞（DVT）的血栓脫落。針對長期不動的病人，預防 PE 的關鍵在於防止血栓形成。早期下床活動（Early ambulation）能藉由小腿肌肉泵浦功能（Muscle pump）促進靜脈血液回流，防止血液滯留。這比任何被動的肢體活動都更有效，是術後及臥床病人預防 PE 的首要護理措施。
Pulmonary embolism (PE) usually originates from a thrombus that dislodges from a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). For an immobile patient, the key to preventing PE is to prevent thrombus formation. Early ambulation utilizes the calf muscle pump to promote venous return and prevent venous stasis. It is more effective than any passive limb activity and is the foremost nursing intervention to prevent PE in postoperative and bedridden patients.