— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師準備靜脈輸注氯化鉀，下列哪些安全措施必須遵循？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride IV. Which of the following safety measures must be followed? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify the medication is diluted in IV fluid✓ 正解確認藥物已稀釋於靜脈輸液中
- BAdminister the medication via IV push經靜脈推注給藥
- CMonitor the infusion site for phlebitis✓ 正解監測給藥部位是否有靜脈炎
- DUse an electronic infusion pump✓ 正解使用電子輸液幫浦
- EEnsure the client has adequate urine output✓ 正解確保個案有足夠的尿量
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
氯化鉀具有高警訊風險，絕對不可直接靜脈推注（IV Push），否則會引起心跳停止。正確做法包括稀釋、使用輸液幫浦確保速率正確、監測靜脈炎（具刺激性），並確保腎功能正常（尿量足夠），否則高血鉀會堆積導致致命性心律不整。
Potassium chloride is a high-alert medication and must never be administered by direct IV push, as this can cause cardiac arrest. Safe practice requires dilution, the use of an infusion pump to control the rate, monitoring for phlebitis (due to the drug's irritating nature), and ensuring adequate renal function (sufficient urine output); otherwise, potassium will accumulate and lead to lethal dysrhythmias.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台皆將高濃度電解質視為高警訊藥物（High-Alert Medication），雙人核對與嚴格儀器監控是共同標準。