— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師正在檢視病人的用藥清單，注意到病人每日服用阿托伐他汀（atorvastatin）20 mg。哪位病人的陳述需要進一步處理？
A nurse is reviewing a client's medication list and notes the client is taking atorvastatin 20 mg daily. Which client statement requires follow-up?
- AI have been experiencing some muscle aches lately.我最近經歷了一些肌肉痠痛。
- BI drink grapefruit juice every morning with breakfast.✓ 正解我每天早餐時喝葡萄柚汁。
- CI will continue taking this medication for the rest of my life.我將終生繼續服用此藥物。
- DI take this medication every evening before bed.我每天睡前服用此藥物。
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
阿托伐他汀（Atorvastatin）作為 HMG-CoA 還原酶抑制劑，其代謝過程與細胞色素 P450 3A4（CYP3A4）酵素緊密相關。葡萄柚汁會抑制該酵素，導致藥物在體內代謝速度降低，血中濃度升高，大幅增加肌肉病變（Myopathy）甚至橫紋肌溶解（Rhabdomyolysis）的風險，因此病人必須避免食用葡萄柚汁。
As an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin's metabolism is closely linked to the cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme. Grapefruit juice inhibits this enzyme, slowing drug metabolism and raising serum drug levels, which substantially increases the risk of myopathy and even rhabdomyolysis. Therefore, the client must avoid grapefruit juice.