— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照顧一位剛開始服用華法林(Warfarin)的病人。給藥前需評估哪些關鍵指標?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is caring for a client starting warfarin therapy. Which findings are critical to assess before administration? (Select all that apply.)
- ACurrent INR level✓ 正解目前的 INR 數值
- BPresence of active bleeding or melena✓ 正解是否有活動性出血或黑便
- CHistory of vitamin K intake in the last 24 hours過去 24 小時內的維生素 K 攝取史
- DPlatelet count✓ 正解血小板計數
- ESigns of bruising or petechiae✓ 正解瘀青或紫斑跡象
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
華法林治療需依據 INR 調整劑量,因此給藥前務必確認 INR 值是否在治療範圍內。此外,作為抗凝血藥物,出血風險評估是核心,包括黑便、皮下出血、瘀斑等徵兆。血小板數值亦為評估凝血功能的重要參考。至於飲食中的維生素 K,雖需固定攝取,但並非給藥前必須立即查核的即時數據。
Warfarin dosing is guided by INR, so the current INR must be verified before administration. As an anticoagulant, bleeding risk assessment is essential: check for active bleeding, melena, bruising, or petechiae. Platelet count provides additional information about clotting status. Vitamin K intake should be kept consistent in the diet but is not a critical pre-dose check.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美皆依賴 INR 監測,但美國抗凝血管理通常有專責的藥師或管理小組。