— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
護理師準備發藥，下列哪些藥物屬於高警戒（High-alert）藥物，需執行加倍查核？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer several medications to a client. Which medications should the nurse verify the dose for, as they are considered 'high-alert'? (Select all that apply.)
- AInsulin✓ 正解胰島素
- BHeparin✓ 正解肝素
- CPotassium chloride (IV)✓ 正解氯化鉀（靜脈注射）
- DAcetaminophen乙醯胺酚
- EMorphine (Intravenous)✓ 正解嗎啡（靜脈注射）
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高警戒藥物是指若給藥錯誤，會對病人造成嚴重傷害的藥物。胰島素、肝素、靜脈注射鉀離子以及鴉片類藥物（如嗎啡）均位列 ISMP 關鍵清單中。乙醯胺酚雖然常見，但不屬於高警戒清單，通常不需要額外的雙人簽核程序。
High-alert medications such as insulin, heparin, IV potassium chloride, and IV morphine carry a high risk of causing severe patient harm if administered incorrectly. These agents require strict verification procedures, unlike acetaminophen, which is generally considered safe and not classified as high-alert.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美醫院評鑑皆要求高警戒藥物需雙人查核，但執行定義與範圍在兩地醫療機構間略有差異。