— 生理適應 · EASY · SATA —
護理師照顧尿崩症（Diabetes Insipidus）病人。應監測哪些脫水徵象？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with diabetes insipidus. Which signs of dehydration should the nurse monitor for? (Select all that apply.)
- APolyuria✓ 正解多尿
- BWeight loss✓ 正解體重減輕
- CIncreased urine specific gravity尿液比重大幅增加
- DHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- ETachycardia✓ 正解心搏過速
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
尿崩症（Diabetes Insipidus）病人因缺乏抗利尿激素（ADH），導致腎臟無法濃縮尿液，產生大量稀釋尿。這會造成嚴重的脫水風險。護理師應監測脫水的臨床徵象：多尿（Polyuria）、體重減輕（Weight loss）、低血壓（Hypotension）與代償性心跳過快（Tachycardia）。尿比重（Urine specific gravity）會呈現極低狀態（而非高比重），這是診斷尿崩症的重要依據。
In diabetes insipidus, deficiency of ADH prevents the kidneys from concentrating urine, leading to large volumes of dilute urine and dehydration risk. Signs include polyuria, weight loss, hypotension, and compensatory tachycardia. Urine specific gravity is decreased (not increased) due to the dilute urine.