護理師應教導病人監測喉癌的哪種「早期」臨床徵象？
Which of the following is an example of an 'early' clinical sign of laryngeal cancer that a nurse should teach a patient to monitor?
- AHoarseness lasting more than 2 weeks✓ 正解持續超過 2 週的聲音嘶啞
- BDysphagia with solid foods吞嚥固體食物困難
- CNeck mass頸部腫塊
- DUnexplained weight loss不明原因的體重減輕
喉癌的早期診斷對預後至關重要。聲音嘶啞（Hoarseness）是喉癌最典型的早期徵象，因為腫瘤直接影響聲帶的震動功能。臨床上，若病人出現聲音嘶啞且持續超過 2 週，必須建議其就醫進行喉鏡檢查，以排除惡性腫瘤。其他如頸部腫塊、體重減輕或吞嚥困難，通常代表腫瘤已經侵犯深層組織或發生淋巴轉移，屬於疾病的晚期表現，此時治療難度與死亡率皆大幅提升。
Early diagnosis of laryngeal cancer is essential for prognosis. Hoarseness is the most classic early sign of laryngeal cancer, because the tumor directly affects vibration of the vocal cords. Clinically, when a client has hoarseness persisting for more than 2 weeks, they should be referred for laryngoscopy to rule out malignancy. Findings such as a neck mass, weight loss, or dysphagia generally indicate that the tumor has invaded deeper tissues or metastasized to lymph nodes—late-stage manifestations where treatment difficulty and mortality both increase substantially.