護理師在教導 55 歲成人健康促進。下列哪項篩檢建議用於一般風險成人以發現大腸直腸癌？
A nurse is teaching a 55-year-old client about health promotion. Which screening test is recommended for average-risk adults to detect colorectal cancer?
- ASerum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test血清癌胚抗原 (CEA) 檢測
- BColonoscopy every 10 years✓ 正解每 10 年進行一次大腸鏡檢查
- CAnnual digital rectal exam每年進行數位直腸檢查
- DAbdominal ultrasound腹部超音波
大腸直腸癌篩檢對於一般風險成人，建議從 45 歲開始，大腸鏡（colonoscopy）被視為黃金標準，可同時進行診斷與瘜肉切除，若無異常通常每 10 年追蹤一次。指診（C）無法觸及大部分結腸部位；CEA（A）屬於腫瘤標記，用於癌症治療後的監測而非早期篩檢；腹部超音波（D）對腸道黏膜的評估能力極差，無法用於大腸癌篩檢。
For average-risk adults, colorectal cancer screening is recommended beginning at age 45. Colonoscopy is the gold standard, allowing simultaneous diagnosis and polypectomy; if no abnormalities are found, follow-up is typically every 10 years. A digital rectal exam (C) cannot reach most of the colon; CEA (A) is a tumor marker used for post-treatment surveillance rather than early screening; abdominal ultrasound (D) has very poor ability to evaluate the intestinal mucosa and cannot be used for colorectal cancer screening.