護理師準備執行輸血。執行前應核對哪些項目？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to give a blood transfusion. What should the nurse verify before starting? (Select all that apply.)
- AClient identification with two identifiers✓ 正解使用兩種識別方式核對個案身份
- BBlood component compatibility with physician orders✓ 正解確認血液成分與醫師醫囑相容
- CExpiration date of the blood product✓ 正解檢查血液產品的有效期限
- DPatient's baseline temperature✓ 正解測量病人的基線體溫
- EThe integrity of the blood bag seals✓ 正解檢查血袋封口的完整性
輸血屬於高風險醫療操作，護理師必須嚴格遵守「三讀五對」原則，並在床邊進行雙人核對（Double-check）。這些步驟的核心在於防止輸血錯誤（Wrong blood in tube / Wrong patient）及輸血反應（Transfusion reaction）。所有列出的選項均為標準輸血前安全程序，任何疏忽都可能導致嚴重的溶血反應或敗血症。
Blood transfusion is a high-risk medical procedure, and the nurse must strictly adhere to the "three checks and five rights" principle and perform a two-person double-check at the bedside. The core purpose of these steps is to prevent transfusion errors (wrong blood in tube / wrong patient) and transfusion reactions. All of the listed options are standard pre-transfusion safety procedures, and any omission may result in a severe hemolytic reaction or sepsis.
美國醫院對於輸血的核對流程極為嚴格，通常需兩位合格護理師（或一位護理師與一位醫師/技術員）在床邊同時核對，且必須使用掃描條碼系統（Barcode scanning）進行確認，台灣部分醫院雖也推行條碼，但臨床執行強度與法律責任追究在美國更為嚴謹。