— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
病人被處方苯乙肼（MAOI 類抗憂鬱劑）。護理師應指導病人避免攝取哪些食物？（選所有適合的）
A client is prescribed phenelzine (an MAOI). Which food items should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? (Select all that apply.)
- AAged cheddar cheese✓ 正解陳年切達起司
- BFresh apples新鮮蘋果
- CSalami and pepperoni✓ 正解薩拉米香腸和佩科里尼辣香腸
- DRed wine✓ 正解紅酒
- ESteamed white rice蒸白飯
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
苯乙肼（Phenelzine）屬於單胺氧化酶抑制劑（MAOI）。MAOI 會抑制酪胺（Tyramine）的代謝。若攝取含高酪胺食物，酪胺會進入血液循環，導致去甲腎上腺素（Norepinephrine）大量釋放，引發嚴重的「高血壓危機」（Hypertensive Crisis），表現為劇烈頭痛、心跳過速、甚至腦出血。病人必須嚴格限制飲食。
Clients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) must avoid foods high in tyramine, such as aged cheeses, processed meats, and fermented beverages like red wine. Ingesting tyramine can precipitate a hypertensive crisis due to the inhibition of tyramine metabolism, making dietary education critical for safety.