一位病人正與疼痛與焦慮掙扎。護理師應執行哪些整體性護理介入？（選所有適合的）
A client is struggling with pain and anxiety. Which holistic nursing interventions should the nurse perform? (Select all that apply.)
- AProvide a back massage✓ 正解提供背部按摩
- BUse deep breathing exercises✓ 正解使用深呼吸運動
- CAdminister pain medication without assessment未經評估給予止痛藥物
- DFacilitate a therapeutic conversation✓ 正解促進治療性對話
- EMinimize unnecessary noise✓ 正解減少不必要的噪音
整體性照護（Holistic care）應結合身、心、靈的介入。背部按摩（A）放鬆肌肉；深呼吸（B）穩定自律神經；治療性溝通（D）宣洩情緒；環境安靜（E）降低焦慮。Administer pain medication without assessment（C）違反安全給藥原則，必須先評估疼痛性質、強度與反應後，再根據醫囑決定是否給藥，不可盲目執行。
Holistic care integrates physical, psychological, and spiritual interventions. Back massage (A) relaxes muscles; deep breathing (B) stabilizes the autonomic nervous system; therapeutic conversation (D) facilitates emotional release; a quiet environment (E) reduces anxiety. Administering pain medication without assessment (C) violates safe medication administration principles; the nurse must first assess pain quality, intensity, and response before deciding to administer medication per order, and should never act blindly.