— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · EASY · MCQ —
病人發生急性過敏性休克（Anaphylaxis），護理師應預期給予哪種藥物？
Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer for a client experiencing an acute anaphylactic reaction?
- ADexamethasone地塞米松
- BAtropine阿托品
- CEpinephrine✓ 正解腎上腺素
- DDiphenhydramine苯海拉明
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
過敏性休克是致命的緊急狀態。Epinephrine（腎上腺素）是治療過敏性休克的一線藥物，其具備α與β腎上腺素受體激動作用，能快速緩解支氣管痙攣並提升血壓。抗組織胺（Diphenhydramine）及類固醇（Dexamethasone）為輔助治療，用於緩解後期反應，而非緩解急性休克的首選。
Anaphylactic shock is a life-threatening emergency. Epinephrine is the first-line drug for the treatment of anaphylaxis. It has both alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist activity, rapidly relieving bronchospasm and raising blood pressure. Antihistamines (diphenhydramine) and corticosteroids (dexamethasone) serve as adjuncts to relieve later-phase reactions and are not the first choice for relieving acute shock.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美臨床皆將 Epinephrine IM 注射作為過敏性休克處置的最優先步驟，指引一致。