護理師負責衛教一名開始服用鋰鹽（Lithium）的病人。應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client starting lithium therapy. Which information should the nurse include in the education plan? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain a consistent daily sodium intake✓ 正解維持每日穩定的鈉攝取量
- BIncrease fluid intake to at least 2-3 liters per day✓ 正解增加液體攝取量至每天至少2-3公升
- CReport signs of tremors, confusion, or vomiting✓ 正解報告顫抖、意識混亂或嘔吐等徵象
- DRestrict intake of caffeine-containing beverages限制攝取含咖啡因的飲料
- EStop the medication if you feel better感覺好轉時停止用藥
鋰鹽（Lithium）的治療指數極窄（Narrow Therapeutic Index），意味著治療濃度與中毒濃度非常接近。鋰的代謝與鈉離子（Sodium）競爭腎小管的再吸收，若鈉攝取不足或流失過多，腎臟會增加鋰的再吸收，導致血鋰濃度上升而中毒。因此，病人需維持恆定的鹽分攝取與充足水分，以確保鋰的穩定排泄。護理師需監測中毒早期徵兆，以防病情惡化。
Lithium has a very narrow therapeutic index, meaning therapeutic and toxic levels are close. Lithium competes with sodium for renal tubular reabsorption; insufficient sodium intake or excessive sodium loss causes the kidneys to retain more lithium, leading to toxicity. Therefore, consistent salt and adequate fluid intake are essential to ensure stable lithium excretion. The nurse must also monitor for early toxicity signs to prevent deterioration.
美國臨床非常強調病人對鋰鹽中毒症狀（如：手抖、步態不穩）的自我辨識能力，並常規會定期安排血中濃度檢測（Trough level），衛教內容會包含避開大量出汗的活動或極端氣候，以免影響鈉平衡。