— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師準備為低血鉀病人靜脈注射氯化鉀。最關鍵的安全預防措施為何？
A nurse is preparing to administer intravenous potassium chloride to a client with hypokalemia. What is the most important safety precaution the nurse should perform?
- AAdminister via a central venous catheter透過中心靜脈導管給藥
- BDilute the medication in at least 100 mL of IV fluid將藥物稀釋於至少 100 mL 的靜脈輸液液中
- CVerify the presence of urine output before infusion✓ 正解在輸注前確認有尿液排出
- DInfuse the medication over 15 minutes在 15 分鐘內輸注藥物
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
靜脈給予鉀離子前，必須確認病人有排尿功能（大於 30 mL/hr），以確保腎功能正常，避免因鉀離子無法排出導致高血鉀致命性心律不整。選項 B 為一般稀釋原則，但非最優先安全考量；選項 A 雖可減少靜脈炎，但非絕對條件；選項 D 絕對不可執行，以免造成心跳停止。
Before administering IV potassium chloride, the nurse must verify adequate urine output (typically >30 mL/hr) to confirm renal function, ensuring the kidneys can excrete potassium and preventing life-threatening hyperkalemia. KCl must be diluted, never given IV push, and is best given through a central line when high concentrations are needed; rapid infusion is contraindicated as it can cause cardiac arrest.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美均嚴格執行鉀離子給藥規範，護理師需確認醫囑濃度與速率，並觀察給藥部位有無滲漏。