哪項行動顯示護理師遵守了 HIPAA（個人健康資訊保密）規範？
Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrates an understanding of HIPAA regulations?
- APosting a picture of the hospital staff with a patient in the background on social media在社群媒體上張貼醫院員工與背景有病人的照片
- BDiscussing the patient's prognosis in a crowded hospital elevator在擁擠的醫院電梯中討論病人的預後
- CDiscussing a patient's condition with their employer to ensure work leave未經病人同意，與他們的雇主討論病情以確保請假事宜
- DSharing a patient's lab results with a nurse on a different unit involved in care✓ 正解將病人的檢驗結果分享給其他單位參與照護的護理師
HIPAA 規範資訊分享需具備「照護必要性」。與參與照護的醫護人員共享資訊是合規的。A 未經授權不得向雇主洩漏；C 違反隱私權且極易洩漏病人背景；D 在公開場所討論病況違反保密原則。醫護專業間為治療目的的資訊交換是法律允許的。
HIPAA requires that information sharing be limited to those who have a "need to know" for care. Sharing information with healthcare personnel involved in care is compliant. Option C is a violation, as health information cannot be disclosed to an employer without authorization; option A violates privacy rights and may easily expose client background; option B involves discussing the client's condition in a public area and violates confidentiality. Information exchange among healthcare professionals for treatment purposes is permitted by law.
美國 HIPAA 法規極嚴，違規面臨巨額罰款；台灣則適用個資法與醫事法，雖然規範嚴謹，但在臨床罰則執行上較具彈性。