病人即將進行外科手術。關於術前皮膚準備，護理師的職責為何？（選所有適合的）
A client is scheduled for a surgical procedure. What are the nurse's responsibilities for preoperative skin preparation? (Select all that apply.)
- AShave the surgical site hair the night before於前一晚剃除手術部位的毛髮
- BVerify the surgical site is marked by the surgeon✓ 正解確認手術部位已由醫師標記
- CEnsure the client has showered with antiseptic soap✓ 正解確保病人使用抗菌肥皂淋浴
- DRemove any jewelry or piercings✓ 正解移除任何珠寶或穿刺飾物
- EConfirm the informed consent is signed✓ 正解確認知情同意書已簽署
術前準備：確保手術部位標記正確；病人術前使用殺菌皂淋浴；移除金屬飾品以防術中電燒導電導致灼傷；確認手術同意書已簽署。剃毛（Shaving）已被證實會造成微小皮膚損傷並增加感染風險，現今多建議使用除毛器（Clipping）或不除毛。
Preoperative preparation: ensure that the surgical site is marked correctly; have the patient shower with an antiseptic soap before surgery; remove metal jewelry to prevent burns caused by electrosurgical current; and confirm that the surgical consent form has been signed. Shaving has been shown to cause microscopic skin injury and to increase the risk of infection, and current recommendations favor the use of clippers or no hair removal at all.
美國醫院實行 Time-out 制度，護理師權限極高。台灣醫院亦導入類似制度，但流程執行細節仍視醫院文化而定。