護理師照護一位剛上石膏的病人，下列哪些照護措施是必要的？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are essential for the care of a client with a new cast? (Select all that apply.)
- AElevate the limb above heart level✓ 正解將患肢抬高至心臟水平以上
- BCheck for warmth and movement in the distal extremity✓ 正解檢查遠端肢體的溫度和活動力
- CEnsure the cast is dry and intact✓ 正解確保石膏乾燥且完整
- DApply warm compresses to the cast對石膏施加熱敷
- EPlace a rigid object inside the cast to scratch itchy skin在石膏內放入硬物以搔癢
石膏護理重點在於預防循環障礙與維護石膏完整性。抬高肢體可減輕腫脹；監測末梢血液循環（5P's）是防範艙室症候群關鍵；維持石膏乾燥防止軟化。熱敷與插入硬物抓癢都是錯誤且危險的行為，前者導致灼傷，後者導致皮膚破損感染。
Cast care focuses on preventing circulatory compromise and preserving the integrity of the cast. Elevating the limb reduces swelling; monitoring distal circulation using the 5 P's is essential for detecting compartment syndrome; and keeping the cast dry prevents softening of the material. Applying warm compresses and inserting rigid objects to scratch itchy skin are incorrect and dangerous: the former can cause burns, while the latter can cause skin breakdown and infection.
美台石膏護理皆視「避免硬物插入」為核心衛教，但美國護理師常有更完善的輔助工具如「長柄壓板」建議。