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基本照護與舒適 · MEDIUM · MCQ

一位病人靜脈注射抗生素後出現嚴重搔癢,護理師應優先採取什麼行動?

A client reports severe itching after receiving an IV antibiotic. Which action should the nurse take first?

  • AAssess the client's vital signs
    評估患者的生命徵象
  • BStop the infusion immediately✓ 正解
    立即停止輸注
  • CAdminister an antihistamine
    給予抗組織胺
  • DCall the physician for orders
    致電醫師獲取指示
Explanation · 中文詳解

當病人使用靜脈注射(IV)藥物後出現嚴重搔癢,這是藥物過敏反應(Hypersensitivity reaction)的警訊。護理師的第一優先行動(Priority action)必須是中斷致敏原,以防止過敏反應進一步惡化成過敏性休克(Anaphylaxis),危及呼吸道與循環系統。臨床思路遵循 ABC 原則(Airway, Breathing, Circulation),移除致敏原是阻斷反應的最快方式。

Severe itching after IV antibiotic administration indicates a potential hypersensitivity reaction; the nurse must stop the infusion immediately to prevent progression to anaphylaxis. This priority action removes the allergen before assessing vital signs or notifying the provider.

✦ 台美臨床差異

在美國臨床實務中,護理師在發現嚴重藥物過敏時,擁有停止輸液的自主權(Scope of practice),無需等待醫師醫囑即可先行處理,這是 NCLEX 常考的護理自主性概念。

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